Everything about Cell Mediated Immunity totally explained
Cell-mediated immunity is an
immune response that doesn't involve
antibodies or
complements but rather involves the activation of
macrophages,
natural killer cells (NK),
antigen-specific
cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various
cytokines in response to an antigen. Historically, the immune system was separated into two branches:
humoral immunity, for which the protective function of immunization could be found in the humor (cell-free bodily fluid or
serum) and
cellular immunity, for which the protective function of immunization was associated with cells.
Cellular immunity protects the body by:
- activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign antigen on their surface, such as virus-infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells displaying tumor antigens;
- activating macrophages and natural killer cells, enabling them to destroy intracellular pathogens; and
- stimulating cells to secrete a variety of cytokines that influence the function of other cells involved in adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses.
Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily at microbes that survive in
phagocytes and
microbes that infect non-phagocytic cells. It is most effective in removing virus-infected cells, but also participates in defending against
fungi,
protozoans,
cancers, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in
transplant rejection.
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